African penguins are susceptible to four types of blood parasites.

Four types of blood parasites, Plasmodium relictum, Plasmodium elongatum, Plasmodium cathemerium, and Leucocytozoon tawaki have been recorded in African penguins.

^{• Image | © Selbe Lynn, Some Rights Reserved
• Sources | (Crawford, et al., 2001, 2006, 2008; Cunningham, et al., 2008; Jones & Shellam, 1999; Randall and Randall, 1990)}

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