The Javan rhinoceros is one of 5 extant rhino species within the Rhinocerotidae family and has 3 recognized subspecies, though 2 are now extinct.
Category: FaunaFacts
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Javan Rhinoceros
Although the Javan rhinoceros used to roam across a vast portion of Asia, it can now only be found in west Java, Indonesia.
Javan Rhinoceros
The Javan rhinoceros is smaller than most other rhinos as average adults stand 5-6 ft at the shoulder and span 11-12 ft in lenth.
Javan Rhinoceros
As in other ungulates, the Javan rhinoceros' teeth are lophodont, having transverse ridges on the grinding surfaces.
Javan Rhinoceros
The Javan rhinoceros is an odd-toed terrestrial ungulate as each of its feet ends in three hooved toes.
Javan Rhinoceros
The Javan rhinoceros' single horn is the smallest of all rhinos, growing to a length of 25cm (10in).
Javan Rhinoceros
The Javan rhinoceros' hairless skin is a dusky, hazy grey and contains tough folds that create an armor-like plating.
Javan Rhinoceros
The Javan rhinoceros subspecies, Rhinoceros sondaicus annamiticus, used to reside in Cat Tien National Park in Vietnam, but became extinct in 2011 due to poaching.
Javan Rhinoceros
The Javan rhinoceros looks similar to the Indian rhinoceros, but is slightly smaller with a much smaller head and looser, less apparent skin folds.
Javan Rhinoceros
Indonesia’s remote Ujung Kulon National Park on the island of Java holds the only viable population of the Javan rhinoceros, guarded from poaching by IRF Rhino Protection Units.
Javan Rhinoceros
The Javan rhinoceros is a lowland species that resides in incredibly dense, low-lying tropical rainforests and prefers areas with abundant water and mud wallows.
Javan Rhinoceros
The Javan rhinoceros' range extends between 3-20 sq m, with various groups having overlapping ranges and males wandering over larger areas than females.
Javan Rhinoceros
The longevity of the Javan rhinoceros is unknown, but it's estimated to live an average lifespan of 30-40 years.
Javan Rhinoceros
The Javan rhinoceros is the most endangered of all rhinos, listed as "Critically Endangered" on the IUCN Red List, and is the rarest large mammal in the world.
Pine Marten
Several skull attributes, such as an elongated braincase and well-developed cheekteeth, aid the pine marten in capture, restraint, and processing of prey and allow them to be remarkable predators.
Pine Marten
Although pine marten male-female bonds are temporary, males may guard a mated female through territory defense if his range encompasses hers.
Pine Marten
The pine marten is considered to be a habitat specialist because of its habitat criterion of having a closed treetop as cover from predation.
Pine Marten
At high densities, intrasexual pine marten ranges can overlap, but density levels are usually between 0.3-0.8 sq. km.
Pine Marten
Although female pine martens only have four functional mammae, they can produce a litter of up to 2-5 with an average of 3.
Pine Marten
In Scotland and Minorca, pine martens may fill 30% of their diet with abundant autumnal fruits and berries, but in other regions, such as Poland, fruits may never be eaten.
Pine Marten
The pine marten is listed as "Least Concern" on the IUCN Red List in view of its wide distribution; large, stable to increasing population; occurrence in a number of protected areas; and tolerance of habitat modification.
Pine Marten
The pine marten is distributed through most portions of continental Eurasia from western Europe in the west to western Siberia in the east, from the northern edge of coniferous forest in the north to Asia Minor in the south.
Pine Marten
Pine martens use abdominal and anal scent glands to scent-mark their home ranges and communicate with other martens.
Pine Marten
Pine marten copulation is prolonged, lasting 30-50 minutes, and may occur on the ground or in trees.
Pine Marten
The pine marten is omnivorous, eating small mammals, birds, insects, carrion, frogs, reptiles, snails, crabs, echinoderms, barnacles, fruits, and berries, but relies on small mammals for most of the year.
Pine Marten
Pine martens prefer nesting underground during the cold winter, but hollow trees, squirrel nests, abandoned bird nests, and rock crevices are also used as hideaways.
Pine Marten
Pine martens forage extensively in treetops and on the forest floor throughout the summer and autumn in order to store their food and compensate for low winter resources.
Pine Marten
Pine martens experience a "false heat" in late winter in which increased aggressive social behavior forces the dispersal of remaining young before the new litter is born.
Pine Marten
On the island of Minorca, pine martens are habitat generalists and live in shrubland, rather than forests, possibly because of the absence of predators.
Pine Marten
Pine martens are born blind, deaf, and toothless with thick, short fur and don't begin emerging from the den until 7-8 weeks later.
Pine Marten
The pine marten's home range may have high individual and geographical size variation as estimates vary widely between studies.
Pine Marten
The average lifespan of a pine marten in the wild is 10 years, but in captivity, they can live up to 17 years, averaging 15.
Pine Marten
The pine marten inhabits forest habitats, including deciduous, mixed, and coniferous forest and prefers old-growth forest over young forest.