January 2018: Common Palm Civet

	Scientific Name	Paradoxurus hermaphroditus
	Alternate Name	Asian/Mentawai Palm Civet, Luwak, Musang, Musang Luwak/Pulut, Onion Thief, Palm Cat/Civet, Paradoxure, Toddy Cat, Tree Cat/Dog, Weasel Cat, Wood-Dog
	Collective Name

Asia

Forest, Shrubland, Grassland, Artificial/Terrestrial, Introduced Vegetation

	38 cm.	15 in.		1-5 kg.	4-11 lb.
	43-71 cm.	17-28 in.		15-25 yr.	7.7 yr. (Generation)

			Least Concern		Solitary		Nocturnal
			Decreasing				Omnivore
Fore	Hind

The common palm civet (Paradoxurus hermaphroditus,) also known as the “Asian palm civet” or “toddy cat” is the most common of the civet species and resides in Asia. Not much is known about this civet’s behaviors as it’s shy, nocturnal, and arboreal, leading it to hide amongst the trees at night to evade predators. With numerous subspecies categorized within this species, the common palm civet can have a multitude of different appearances and variations. The common palm civet is listed as “Least Concern” on the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species.

FaunaFacts | Free-For-All

MEDIA

Gervais, Paul

BernieCB

Jordy Meow

Magalhães

Thomas Hardwicke

Thomas Hardwicke

Praveenp

Biodiversity Heritage Library

Martin Lissmyr

Stéphane DAMOUR

YaZzZz…

Olivier & Pascale Noaillon Jaquet

Sofig (Sophie Grail)

maddalena monge

ARUNKUMAR P.R

Me and my tripod

Thabo Zijlstra

name in-progress

Dhruvaraj S

Biodiversity Heritage Library

Marie Hale

surtr

Sofig (Sophie Grail)

Mark Louis Benedict

Gustav Mützel

Praveenp

Lynn Chan

Richard Wasserman.

Stefan Magdalinski

Dr. Raju Kasambe

Jordy Meow

tontantravel

McKay Savage

REFERENCES

• Acharjyo, L. N. & Mohapatra, S. (1978). Birth and growth of common palm civet (Paradoxurus Hermaphroditus) in captivity. The Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 75, 204-206.
• Asian palm civet. (2017, February, 16). A-Z Animals.
• Asian palm civet. (2017, December 3). Wiktionary.
• Asian palm civet. (2017, December 16). Wikipedia.
• Asian palm civet. Animals Adda.
• Asian palm civet. The Animal Files.
• Asian palm civet. Animal Spot.
• Azlan, J. (2003, October). The diversity and conservation of mustelids, viverrids, and herpestids in a disturbed forest in Peninsular Malaysia. Small Carnivore Conservation, 29, 8–9.
• Burton, M. (1968). University Dictionary of Mammals of the World. New York, NY: T.Y. Crowell.
• Choudhury, A. (2013, January). The Mammals of North East India. Guwahati, Assam, Indi: Gibbon Books and the Rhino Foundation for Nature in NE India.
• Chua, M. A. H., Lim, K. K. P., & Low, C. H. S. (2012, December). The diversity and status of the civets (Viverridae) of Singapore. Small Carnivore Conservation, 47, 1–10.
• Chutipong, W., Tantipisanuh, N., Ngoprasert, D., Lynam, A. J., Steinmetz, R., Jenks, K. E., Grassman Jr., L. I., Tewes, M., Kitamura, S., Baker, M. C., McShea, W., Bhumpakphan, N., Sukmasuang, R., Gale, G. A., Harich, F. K., Treydte, A. C., Cutter, P., Cutter, P. B., Suwanrat, S., Siripattaranukul, K., Hala-Bala Wildlife Research Station, Wildlife Research Division and Duckworth, J. W. (2014, December). Current distribution and conservation status of small carnivores in Thailand: A baseline review. Small Carnivore Conservation, 51, 96–136.
• Common palm civet. (2002). Blue Planet Biomes.
• Common palm civet. Animal Corner.
• Common palm civet: Paradoxurus hermaphroditus. (2016, October). WildFactSheets.
• Common palm civet: Paradoxurus hermaphroditus. Wildlife Singapore.
• Common palm civet: (Paradoxurus hermaphroditus). iNaturalist.
• Corbet, G. B. & Hill, J. E. (1992). Mammals of the Indo-Malayan Region: A Systematic Review. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
• Coudrat, C. N. Z., Nanthavong, C., Sayavong, S., Johnson, A., Johnston, J. B., & Robichaud, W. G. (2014, February 28). Conservation importance of Nakai-Nam Theun National Protected Area, Laos, for small carnivores based on camera trap data. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 62, 31–49.
• Duckworth, J. W. (1997, April). Small carnivores in Laos: A status review with notes on ecology, behaviour and conservation. Small Carnivore Conservation, 16, 1–21.
• Duckworth, J. W., Timmins, R. J., Choudhury, A., Chutipong, W., Willcox, D. H. A., Mudappa, D., Rahman, H., Widmann, P., Wilting, A., & Xu, W. (2016). Paradoxurus hermaphroditus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T41693A45217835.
• The Editors of Encyclopædia Britannica. (2017, October 5). Civet. Encyclopædia Britannica.
• Grassman, L. I., Jr. (1998, October). Movements and fruit selection of two Paradoxurinae species in a dry evergreen forest in Southern Thailand. Small Carnivore Conservation, 19, 25-29.
• Gray, T. N. E., Pin C., Phan C., Crouthers, R., Kamler, J. F., & Prum S. (2014, July). Camera-trap records of small carnivores from eastern Cambodia, 1999–2013. Small Carnivore Conservation, 50, 20–24.
• Gupta, B. K. (2004, October). Killing civets for meat and scent in India. Small Carnivore Conservation, 31, 21.
• Heaney, L. R., Balete, D. S., Dolar, M. L., Alcala, A. C., Dans, A. T. L., Gonzales, P. C., Ingle, N. R., Lepiten, M. V., Oliver, W. L. R., Ong, P. S., Rickart, E. A., Tabaranza, B. R., Jr., & Utzurrum, R. C. B. (1998, June 30). A synopsis of the mammalian fauna of the Philippine Islands. Fieldiana: Zoology, New Series, 88, 1–61.
• Holden, J. & Neang T. (2009, April). Small carnivore records from the Cardamom Mountains, southwestern Cambodia. Small Carnivore Conservation, 40, 16–21.
• Kakati, K. & Srikant, S. (2014, July). First camera-trap record of small-toothed palm civet Arctogalida trivirgata from India. Small Carnivore Conservation, 50, 50–53.
• Kalle, R., Ramesh, T., Sankar, K., & Qureshi, Q. (2013, December). Observations of sympatric small carnivores in Mudumalai Tiger Reserve, Western Ghats, India. Small Carnivore Conservation, 49, 53–59.
• Khan, M. M. H. (2008). Protected Areas of Bangladesh- A guide to Wildlife. Nishorgo Program. Bangladesh Forest Department, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
• Kopi Luwak / Civet Coffee. All about palm civet cats. Most-Expensive.Coffee.
• Larivière, S. (2003, November 20). Palm civet Paradoxurus hermaphroditus Spanish: Musang in M. Hutchins, D. G. Kleiman, V. Geist, & M. C. McDade (Eds.), Grzimek’s Animal Life Encyclopedia: Mammals III (2 ed., Vol. 14) (pp. 344). Farmington Hills, MI: Gale Group, Inc., division of Thomson Learning Inc.
• Lau, M. W. N., Fellowes, J. R., & Chan, B. P. L. (2010, October). Carnivores (Mammalia: Carnivora) in South China: A status review with notes on the commercial trade. Mammal Review 40(4), 247–292.
• Lee Kong Chian Natural History Museum. Paradoxurus hermaphroditus: (Pallas, 1777). The DNA of Singapore.
• Lopez-Terrill, V. (2017, March 31). Genus-species: Paradoxurus hermaphroditus. The Warren and Genevieve Garst Photographic Collection.
• Low, C. H. S. (2011, December). Observations of civets, linsangs, mongooses and non-lutrine mustelids from Peninsular Malaysia. Small Carnivore Conservation, 45, 8–13.
• Maddox, T., Priatna, D., Gemita, E., & Salampessy, A. (2007, October). The Conservation of Tigers and Other Wildlife in Oil Palm Plantations. Jambi Province, Sumatra, Indonesia. ZSL Conservation Report No. 7. London: The Zoological Society of London.
• Meiri, S. (2005, October). Small carnivores on small islands: New data based on old skulls. Small Carnivore Conservation, 33, 21-23.
• Mudappa, D., Noon, B. R., Kumar, A., & Chellam, R. (2007, April). Responses of small carnivores to rainforest fragmentation in the southern Western Ghats, India. Small Carnivore Conservation, 36, 18–26.
• Nakabayashi, M. Bernard, H., & Nakashima, Y. (2012, December). An observation of several Common Palm Civets Paradoxurus hermaphroditus at a fruiting tree of Endospermum diadenum in Tabin Wildlife Reserve, Sabah, Malaysia: Comparing feeding patterns of frugivorous carnivorans. Small Carnivore Conservation, 47, 42-45.
• Nakashima, Y., Nakabayashi, M., & Jumrafiha, A. S. (2013). Space use, habitat selection, and day-beds of the common palm civet (Paradoxurus hermaphroditus) in human-modified habitats in Sabah, Borneo. Journal of Mammalogy, 94(5), 1169–1178.
• National Parks Board. Civets. (2014, December 30). National Parks.
• Nelson, J. (2013). Paradoxurus hermaphroditus: Asian palm civet, Animal Diversity Web.
• Nijman, V., Spaan, D., Rode-Margono, E. J., Roberts, P. D., Wirdateti, & Nekaris, K. A. I. (2014, December). Trade in common palm civet Paradoxurus hermaphroditus in Javan and Balinese markets, Indonesia. Small Carnivore Conservation, 51, 11–17.
• Nowak, R. M. (1999). Walker’s Mammals of the World (6th ed., Vol. 2). Baltimore: MD: John Hopkins University Press.
• Palm civet. (2012). In Collins English Dictionary – Complete & Unabridged, (10th ed.). HarperCollins Publishers.
  • (2014). In Collins English Dictionary – Complete and Unabridged, (12th ed.). HarperCollins Publishers.
• Palm civet. (2016). In American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, (5th ed.). Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company.
• Palm civet. (2018). In The Random House Dictionary. Random House, Inc.
• Palm civet. In Merriam-Webster. Merriam-Webster, Inc.
• Paradoxurus hermaphroditus. (2014, November 22). Wikimedia Commons.
• Paradoxurus hermaphroditus: Common palm civet. Taxo4254.
• Paradoxurus hermaphroditus. Zipcode Zoo.
• Paradoxurus hermaphroditus: Asian palm civet. Encyclopedia of Life (EOL).
• Paradoxurus hermaphroditus (Pallas, 1777). Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS).
• Patou, M. L., Wilting, A., Gaubert, P., Esselstyn, J. A., Cruaud, C., Jennings, A. P., Fickel, J., & Veron, G. (2010, November). Evolutionary history of the Paradoxurus palm civets – A new model for Asian biogeography. Journal of Biogeography, 37(11), 2077–2097.
• Rabinowitz, A. R., (1991, February). Behaviour and movements of sympatric civet species in Huai Kha Khaeng Wildlife Sanctuary, Thailand. Journal of Zoology, 223(2), 281-298.
• Roberton, S. I. (2007). Status and Conservation of Small Carnivores in Vietnam (Doctoral dissertation). University of East Anglia, Norwich, U.K.
• Rode-Margono, E. J., Voskamp, A., Spaan, D., Lehtinen, J. K., Roberts, P. D., Nijman, V., & Nekaris, K. A. I. (2014, July). Records of small carnivores and of medium-sized nocturnal mammals on Java, Indonesia. Small Carnivore Conservation, 50, 1–11.
• Rozhnov, V. V., Rozhnov, V. Y. (2003). Roles of different types of excretions in mediated communication by scent marks of the common palm civet, Paradoxurus hermaphroditus Pallas, 1777 (Mammalia, Carnivora). Biology Bulletin, 30(6), 584-590.
• Rozhnov, V., V. Yu. 2003. Roles of different types of excretions in mediated communication by scent marks of the common palm civet, Paradoxurus hermaphroditus Pallas, 1777 (Mammalia, Carnivora). Biology Bulletin, 30/6: 584-590. Rozhnov, V., V. Yu. 2003. Roles of different types of excretions in mediated communication by scent marks of the common palm civet, Rozhnov, V., V. Yu. 2003. Roles of different types of excretions in mediated communication by scent marks of the common palm civet, Paradoxurus hermaphroditus Pallas, 1777 (Mammalia, Carnivora). Biology Bulletin, 30/6: 584-590. , 30/6: 584-590. Samejima, H. & Semiadi, G. (2012, June). First record of Hose’s Civet Diplogale hosei from Indonesia, and records of other carnivores in the Schwaner Mountains, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. Small Carnivore Conservation, 46, 1–7.
• Schreiber, A., Wirth, R., Riffel, M., & Van Rompaey, H. (1989). Weasels, Civets, Mongooses, and Their Relatives. An Action Plan for the Conservation of Mustelids and Viverrids. Gland, Switzerland: International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN).
• Shepherd, C. R. (2012, December). Observations of small carnivores in Jakarta wildlife markets, Indonesia, with notes on trade in Javan Ferret Badger Melogale orientalis and on the increasing demand for Common Palm Civet Paradoxurus hermaphroditus for civet coffee production. Small Carnivore Conservation, 47, 38–41.
• Spaan, D., Williams, M., Wirdateti, Semiadi, G., & Nekaris, K. A. I. (2014). Use of raised plastic water-pipes by common palm civet Paradoxurus hermaphroditus for habitat connectivity in an anthropogenic environment in West Java, Indonesia. Small Carnivore Conservation, 51, 85–87.
• Stevens, K., Dehgan, A., Karlstetter, M., Rawan, F., Tawhid, M. I., Ostrowski, S., Ali, J. M., & Ali, R. (2011). Large mammals surviving conflict in the eastern forests of Afghanistan. Oryx, 45, 265–271.
• Su, S. (2005, October). Small carnivores and their threats in Hlawga Wildlife Park, Myanmar. Small Carnivore Conservation, 33, 6-13.
• Than Zaw, Saw Htun, Saw Htoo Tha Po, Myint Maung, Lynam, A. J., Kyaw Thinn Latt, & Duckworth, J. W. (2008, April). Status and distribution of small carnivores in Myanmar. Small Carnivore Conservation, 38, 2–28.
• Veron, G., Patou, M.-L., Toth, M., Goonatilake, M., & Jennings, A. P. (2015, May 1). How many species of Paradoxurus civets are there? New insights from India and Sri Lanka. Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research, 53(2), 161–174.
• Wahyudi, D. & Stuebing, R. (2014). Camera trapping as a conservation tool in a mixed-use landscape in East Kalimantan. Journal of Indonesian Natural History, 1(2), 37–46.
• Wang, Y. X. (2003). A Complete Checklist of Mammal Species and Subspecies in China (A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference). Beijing, China: China Forestry Publishing House.
• Wemmer, C., J. Murtaugh. (1981). Copulatory behavior and reproduction in the binturong, Arctictus binturong. Journal of Mammalogy, 62(2), 342-352.
• Wildscreen Arkive. Common palm civet (Paradoxurus hermaphroditus). Arkive.
• Wilson, D. E. & Reeder, D. M. (2005). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 ed.). Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.
• Wilting, A., Samejima, H., & Mohamed, A. (2010, December). Diversity of Bornean viverrids and other small carnivores in Deramakot Forest Reserve, Sabah, Malaysia. Small Carnivore Conservation, 42, 10–13.
• Wozencraft, W. C. (2005). Order Carnivora. In: D. E. Wilson & D. M. Reeder (Eds.), Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 ed.)(pp. 532-628). Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.