The red fox is not listed in CITES at species level, but the subspecies griffithi, montana, and pusilla are listed on CITES Appendix III.

Red foxes help control prey populations and disperse seeds, but are widely regarded as a pest, threatening poultry and transmitting rabies.

Red fox pups are born blind and are cooperatively cared for and provided with solid food by the mother, father, and sometimes unmated helpers and older offspring until the pups leave in the autumn following their birth.

Like many other canid species, red foxes scent mark through urine, feces, anal sac secretions, supracaudal glands, and glands around the tail, lips, jaws, and pawpads.

The red fox’s top speed is about 48 kph and obstacles as high as 2 m. can be lept.

Red fox density is highly variable, ranging from as little as 1 fox/40 km² to as high as 30 foxes/km² in urban areas where food is abundant.

Threats to the red fox are highly localized and include habitat degradation, loss, and fragmentation, exploitation, and direct and indirect persecution.

Female red foxes gestate for 49-56 days before giving birth to 1-13 pups, averaging 5, while the male provides food outside of the maternity den.

Red foxes originated in the Middle East, then radiated out to the Arctic Circle, Europe, North Africa, the Asiatic steppes, India, and Japan.

Red foxes are preyed on by coyotes, wolves, and other predators, but their most significant predators are humans, killing them for their fur and nuisance.